James Stanley KRMC

Health News from KRMC
by James Stanley
Director of Marketing and Public Relations
Kentucky River Medical Center
666-6449

**NOTE** Breathitt Online is not responsible for you, the reader, for using anything in our health articles for your personal gains. As always you should seek your physicians approval when trying any new health treatments. We encourage healthy eating and good exercise.

Arthritis: Common Types and Treatments 5-3-08
Arthritis affects more than 46 million Americans and is the number one cause of disability in the United States. Defined as inflammation of a joint, arthritis is a broad term applied to a range of joint disorders. In most cases, arthritis is characterized by stiffness, swelling and discomfort of the joints. While there are a variety of types of arthritis, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis are most prevalent, affecting millions of Americans.
The most common type of arthritis is osteoarthritis, a degenerative joint disease resulting from the gradual wearing away of the protective cartilage found at the end of bones. This loss of cartilage causes bones to rub together, damaging surrounding muscles and nerves and making movement of the joint difficult. Osteoarthritis is particularly common in the elderly and most commonly affects the hands and the weight-bearing joints of the knees, hips and spine. Previously injured joints are also susceptible to developing the condition. While physicians do not know the specific cause of osteoarthritis, factors such as obesity, genetics and joint overuse are frequently associated with the disease.
Of the 27 million Americans diagnosed with osteoarthritis, many experience no serious symptoms. Some, however, experience significant pain, which greatly impacts physical activity and lifestyle. Although there is no specific cure to restore damaged cartilage, treatment options focus on reducing pain and discomfort and may include weight reduction, physical and occupational therapies and anti-inflammatory medications. In severe cases, surgery to repair or replace damaged joints may be recommended.
Whereas osteoarthritis most commonly affects the elderly, rheumatoid arthritis affects more than two million Americans ages 25 to 55. Rheumatoid arthritis is a progressive disease that generally begins as inflammation of the wrists, hands ankles and feet and progresses to larger joints such as the shoulders, elbows, knees and hips. Unlike osteoarthritis, which involves the wearing away of cartilage, with rheumatoid arthritis, the body’s immune system attacks itself resulting in pain, inflammation and extensive joint damage. In addition to joint pain, individuals with rheumatoid arthritis often experience, fatigue, sleeplessness and severe discomfort after long periods of inactivity.
There is no cure for rheumatoid arthritis and the symptoms are often severe and disabling. If treated early, however, symptoms can be managed, greatly decreasing the chances permanent disability. Treatments often include medications to relieve pain and control inflammation, occupational and physical therapies, and periods of rest to allow damaged tissues to heal. As with osteoarthritis, in severe cases surgery to repair or replace damaged joints may be recommended.
Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (JRA) is the most common type of childhood arthritis and is characterized by joint pain, swelling and stiffness often accompanied by fever and a rash. As with adult rheumatoid arthritis, physicians believe JRA is also an auto-immune disorder in which the body’s immune system attacks its own cells and tissues, resulting in joint inflammation.
JRA treatment focuses on helping children maintain normal physical activity by relieving pain and swelling and preserving full joint movement. Medications such as anti-inflammatory agents or coticosteroids are often prescribed in combination with physical and occupational therapies in order to manage symptoms and promote full range of motion and muscle tone. The following treatments may also help reduce discomfort and restore damaged tissue:
•applying heat packs before exercising;
•applying cold packs after exercising;
•performing exercise that does not strain the joints, like swimming;
•taking mild pain reliever;
•sleeping on a firm mattress; and
•using paraffin wax dips.
Advanced cases of JRA may interfere with bone development and normal growth, but with proper treatment children generally make a full recovery without any lasting symptoms. It is important to seek medical care for children complaining of joint pain, limping, showing signs of decreased physical activity, joint swelling or a persistent fever for more than two days.
The pain associated with all types of arthritis can be life-changing, resulting in limited physical activity that interferes with a healthy lifestyle. It is important for those experiencing the symptoms of arthritis to seek medical treatment early in order to minimize pain and decrease the chances of permanent joint damage. Once diagnosed by a physician, many treatments can be performed at home or on an out-patient basis. Consult your physician if you are experiencing severe joint pain or other symptoms associated with arthritis.
Kentucky River Medical Center is a 55-bed facility that is fully accredited by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations. As a full-service facility with an active medical staff of more than 20 physicians, Kentucky River Medical Center features 24-hour emergency care, same-day surgery and outpatient care, advanced pulmonary care, physical therapy and rehabilitation services, broad-based diagnostic services including on-site CT and MRI capabilities, cardiac services, pediatric care, senior wellness programs and an on-site clinical laboratory.

Lead Poison: Prevention 3-25-08
Unlike the urban legend, you can’t get lead poisoning from a pencil, but lead is a hazard that can cause serious health complications. Lead, which is toxic to many of the body’s tissues and enzymes, can be found in the soil, in some household paints and even in children’s toys. The number of cases of lead poisoning has decreased since a federal regulation required fuel and paint to be lead-free. However there is still a high level of lead concentrated in the soil around major highways and in some urban settings.
High levels of lead can also be found in older houses with lead pipes and lead-based paint, on old ceramics, china, porcelain and even in household dust. When the body is exposed to high levels of lead in the environment, the result can be lead poisoning.
While it is children who are generally more susceptible to lead poisoning, adults can be affected too. Children are more vulnerable because lead can begin to accumulate in their undeveloped tissue and nervous system. This may result in serious health problems including kidney damage, learning disabilities, speech and language behavior issues, poor muscle coordination and hearing loss. In some cases children can be at risk of irreversible brain damage due to high levels of lead poisoning.
Adults who have high levels of lead poisoning may also experience some health issues including high blood pressure, digestive problems, cataracts, memory loss, muscle and joint pain reproductive issues or pregnancy complications. For both children and adults, high levels of lead poisoning may cause seizures, unconsciousness and possibly even death.
To avoid serious health problems there are symptoms that serve as a warning to seek early treatment. Children may show signs of irritability, weight loss, decreased appetite, sluggishness, abdominal pain, vomiting, unusual paleness and difficulty learning. Similarly, adults may show signs of pain, numbness or tingling in the arms and legs, muscular weakness, headaches, abdominal pain or changes in mood.
There are a few simple measures that can be taken to prevent lead poisoning:
·Have a home lead inspection and risk assessment by a professional;
·Wash children’s hands after playing outside, before eating or before going to bed;
·Clean floors, windowsills and other dusty surfaces with a damp cloth;
·Restrict children’s play around roadways or bridges;
·Provide meals that are high in iron and calcium; and
·Run cold water in old lead pipes for at least a minute before using.
It is important to have children at six months old tested for lead poisoning and to have a yearly exam if they live in an older house with lead-based paint. It is also important to have an annual lead check if exposed to high levels at work or in daily activities. If diagnosed, a physician may provide different treatment options, depending on the severity of the diagnosis. Visit your physician if you think you need to be tested for lead poisoning and find out what treatment options are available.
Kentucky River Medical Center is a 55-bed facility that is fully accredited by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations. As a full-service facility with an active medical staff of more than 20 physicians, Kentucky River Medical Center features 24-hour emergency care, same-day surgery and outpatient care, advanced pulmonary care, physical therapy and rehabilitation services, broad-based diagnostic services including on-site CT and MRI capabilities, cardiac services, pediatric care, senior wellness programs and an on-site clinical laboratory.

The Benefits of a Healthy Breakfast 3-17-08
Your mother always told you that a healthy breakfast was the best way to start your day. Based on Harvard Medical School research, she was right. It has been confirmed that regular breakfast-eaters tend to weigh less, consume more vitamins, have lower cholesterol and have better morning-time concentration than those who skip breakfast on a regular basis. The key to breakfast is choosing healthy options, just like your other meals. Even if you don’t like traditional breakfast foods, there are other options that provide the needed nutrients without a ton of calories.
There are two theories as to why breakfast eaters are usually healthier than breakfast skippers. One theory is that eating breakfast helps control hunger, leading to lower caloric intake throughout the day. Those who eat breakfast aren’t as hungry at lunch and can make smarter eating choices for the remainder of the day. However, if you’re hungry, a growling stomach may have more influence over meal decisions than personal willpower. Also, those who eat breakfast maintain a more steady level of blood sugar throughout the day. Without breakfast, blood sugar levels may drop leading to a loss of concentration or poor memory. That lack of concentration could also sabotage personal goals of choosing healthy food options.
The second theory as to why breakfast eaters are healthier is that people who plan what they will eat for breakfast are also more likely to plan other meals. Planning meals ahead of time makes choosing healthy food easier. Without meal plans, a hunger attack could derail even the best of intentions. Cravings for unhealthy foods will not have as much control over someone who has planned ahead to eat healthy foods.
To make breakfast a beneficial meal, it must provide energy, a feeling of fullness and essential vitamins and nutrients. Otherwise, you will experience the same problems as the breakfast-skippers. Healthy breakfast options should contain fiber and protein to achieve a sensation of fullness, without containing too many calories. Breakfast does not have to be a bowl of cereal with cold milk. For the breakfast lover, foods such as eggs, fruit, dairy and oatmeal are good options. Other options are an English muffin egg sandwich, a veggie omelet, salmon on a whole-grain bagel, a fruit smoothie or a hard-boiled egg. Trying different menu items will keep breakfast interesting and hopefully make it a habit.
For those people who dislike breakfast foods, there are options beyond the traditional eggs and bacon combination. Try leftover low-fat veggie pizza, fresh fruit, yogurt, a breakfast taco with beans and salsa or cheese and whole-wheat crackers. Disliking breakfast foods does not have to derail your plans to make healthy food choices.
Breakfast not only helps get your day started, but it provides an opportunity to introduce needed vitamins and minerals into your diet. By taking the time to plan your breakfast, you can set yourself up for success and lay the foundation for a healthier lifestyle.
Kentucky River Medical Center is a 55-bed facility that is fully accredited by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations. As a full-service facility with an active medical staff of more than 20 physicians, Kentucky River Medical Center features 24-hour emergency care, same-day surgery and outpatient care, advanced pulmonary care, physical therapy and rehabilitation services, broad-based diagnostic services including on-site CT and MRI capabilities, cardiac services, pediatric care, senior wellness programs and an on-site clinical laboratory.

Living with Glaucoma 3-8-08
As the leading cause of blindness in the United States, glaucoma and its side effects can often cause a change in lifestyle or loss of independence for some people. However, early detection and seeking appropriate treatment options can help delay the advancement of symptoms. Most people who are diagnosed and treated early in the onset of this disease may be able to slow its progression.
Glaucoma typically occurs when fluid builds up inside the eye putting pressure on the optic nerve. Those who are at most risk of developing the condition are individuals with one or more of the following characteristics:
are 60 or older;
have a family history of glaucoma;
are of African or Spanish descent;
have farsightedness or nearsightedness;
have previous eye injuries; or
experience health problems such as diabetes or migraines.
There is no cure for glaucoma, which is why an early diagnosis is important. Once the disease is known, surgery, medication, a combination of treatments and physician monitoring can help control additional vision loss.
So what happens after a glaucoma diagnosis? A doctor may decide to perform surgery to release excess pressure on the eye. Depending on the severity of the disease, a physician will perform laser surgery or make a small slit in the eye, called filtering microsurgery, which will relieve pressure. In the early stages after diagnosis, some patients require monthly or even weekly visits to the doctor to check eye pressure. If caught early enough, a doctor may prescribe medication or eye drops to prevent further loss of vision. Medications will be monitored over time, as some patients develop side effects or decreased response to medications.
Learning to live with glaucoma often requires making a few adjustments to your daily schedule. For example, keeping medications and important items, like car keys, in the same place everyday alleviates the stress of searching for lost items. Increasing the font or type size on a computer screen can help reduce strain on the eyes, and large print books, magazines and crossword puzzles are often available at bookstores and on online. Keeping a magnifying glass near the phone book can help reduce frustration.
Adjusting to a life with glaucoma may also mean dealing with issues such as glare and sensitivity to different light settings. Wearing appropriately tinted lenses – both inside and outside – may help reduce the impacts of fluorescent lights or night driving. Ultimately, if driving at night becomes a concern or causes anxiety, it may be necessary to arrange your personal schedule to let someone else take the wheel after dark.
While it is important to take care of the physical aspects of glaucoma, it is also vital to pay attention to emotional and psychological needs after diagnosis. Meeting with local support groups and talking to a doctor may help address some worries about the disease. It is important to establish a comfortable relationship with your physician, so you can ask the right questions and know what treatment options are available.
While glaucoma is not a life-threatening disease it can impact your day to day activities. If you or a family member is experiencing vision loss, please consult your physician. With early diagnosis and treatment, glaucoma should not stop you from enjoying your life.
Kentucky River Medical Center is a 55-bed facility that is fully accredited by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations. As a full-service facility with an active medical staff of more than 20 physicians, Kentucky River Medical Center features 24-hour emergency care, same-day surgery and outpatient care, advanced pulmonary care, physical therapy and rehabilitation services, broad-based diagnostic services including on-site CT and MRI capabilities, cardiac services, pediatric care, senior wellness programs and an on-site clinical laboratory.

Cold vs. Flu 3-08-08
Colds and the flu most often occur around the same time of year and both have unpleasant symptoms, so it can be hard to differentiate between the two. However, it is important to distinguish the cause of your symptoms to determine the best course of treatment.
The most common symptoms of a cold are within the respiratory system and include a stuffy or runny nose, sneezing, cough or chest discomfort. Treatment for these symptoms is available through over the counter medication designed to target various symptoms of a cold.:
Antihistamines can help control symptoms such as a running nose, sneezing and watery eyes.
Decongestants relieve nasal and sinus congestion.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicines reduce pain, fever and inflammation.
Expectorants loosen mucus from the respiratory tract, alleviating chest congestion and discomfort.
The best way to treat a cold is to drink plenty of fluids to stay hydrated, use over the counter drugs and monitor for symptoms that last longer than five to seven days. If symptoms persist, they may have developed into an advanced respiratory illness in the form of an ear infection, sinus infection or bronchitis. In the event that a cold advances into a more serious condition, seek treatment from your doctor.
While a cold generally attacks the respiratory system, the flu can impact the entire body and influence multiple systems. Symptoms of the flu often include a fever between 100 F and 104 F, headache, body aches, fatigue, exhaustion and nausea. If it is mild, the flu can be treated with rest, fluids and over the counter medication targeting the symptoms. If the flu is more severe, a doctor may prescribe antiviral medication. Over the counter and prescription treatments can help treat the symptoms:
Anti-nausea medications help with stomach discomfort and vomiting.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicines reduce pain, fever and inflammation.
Prescription antiviral medicines shorten the duration of the flu, but usually help only if taken within the first day or two of developing symptoms.
As with a cold, if symptoms persist longer than three to five days, or become increasingly severe, see a physician about the possibility of the flu developing into a more severe illness. The flu can develop into bronchitis or pneumonia, particularly in patients who are older or have compromised immune systems, and may require more intense medical treatment or even hospitalization.
The best way to avoid contracting the flu is to get an annual flu shot. The virus changes every year, so see your doctor each flu season to get immunized to help minimize or avoid these symptoms altogether.
Unfortunately, there is no immunization against the cold, but washing your hands frequently, not touching your face with your hands, and avoiding contact with people who have a cold can be a strong defense.
Both the cold and flu can make you feel miserable and cause you to miss school or work. With some extra hand-washing and a flu shot, you can improve your chances of avoiding both this season.
Kentucky River Medical Center is a 55-bed facility that is fully accredited by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations. As a full-service facility with an active medical staff of more than 20 physicians, Kentucky River Medical Center features 24-hour emergency care, same-day surgery and outpatient care, advanced pulmonary care, physical therapy and rehabilitation services, broad-based diagnostic services including on-site CT and MRI capabilities, cardiac services, pediatric care, senior wellness programs and an on-site clinical laboratory.

Wisdom of a Colonoscopy 2-29-08
There are approximately 112,000 new cases of colon cancer diagnosed each year, making it the second leading cause of cancer death in the United States. Although there is no cure for colon cancer, there are precautions people can take to reduce their risk of developing the fatal disease. One of the most important precautions is to get a colonoscopy, since early detection of the disease may increase the survival rate.
A colonoscopy is the most commonly used outpatient procedure to determine if a person has colon or rectal cancer or colorectal cancer. The procedure allows a physician to visually examine the entire colon and rectum for abnormalities such as inflamed tissue, irregular growths and ulcers. It is also used to look for causes of changes in bowel habits and to evaluate symptoms like abdominal pain, rectal bleeding and unexplained weight loss.
For the colonoscopy assessment to be accurate, the colon must be clear of stool and fluids that may obscure the view of the colon and rectal lining. Therefore, your physician will likely ask you to do the following at least 24 hours before the procedure.
Avoid eating solid foods.
Drink only clear, non-alcoholic liquids such as black coffee, tea, water or clear broth.
Stop taking iron pills or medications containing iron, as it can alter the color of the colon lining.
Take laxatives or enemas prescribed by your physician.
It is important to inform your physician if you have diabetes or take blood thinners, including aspirin or other pain relievers, as your preparation for the colonoscopy may be slightly different.
A colonoscopy is usually painless, but can sometimes cause anxiety. Therefore, most people opt for either anesthesia or a mild sedative to minimize any discomfort during the procedure.
During the exam, the physician will insert into the rectum a long, flexible lighted tube with a tiny video camera on the tip, called a colonoscope. The camera transmits images of the colon onto a screen for the physician to carefully examine the lining of the colon. If a polyp or abnormal tissue is found, the physician may decide to remove it immediately or take a biopsy and test it for cancer. The recovery time after the procedure is approximately an hour and you will likely need someone to drive you home.
According to the American Cancer Society there are five false myths about colon cancer that people need to be aware of:
Myth One: Colorectal cancer is a man’s disease.
Truth: Colorectal cancer is just as common among women as men.
Myth Two: Colon cancer cannot be prevented.
Truth: In many cases colon cancer starts with a small polyp. If the polyp is found early, physicians can remove the abnormal growth and stop colon cancer before it begins.
Myth Three: African Americans are not at risk for colon cancer.
Truth: African American men and women are diagnosed with and die from colorectal cancer at higher rates than any other US racial or ethnic group.
Myth Four: Age is not a factor in developing colon cancer.
Truth: More than 90 percent of people diagnosed with colon cancer are age 50 and older. The American Cancer Society recommends people start being tested for the disease at age 50.
Myth Five: It’s better not to get tested for colon cancer because it’s fatal regardless.
Truth: Colon cancer is treatable. If the cancer is found early, the five-year survival rate is 90 percent.
If you have questions about a colonoscopy or would like additional information about the procedure, contact your physician.
Kentucky River Medical Center is a 55-bed facility that is fully accredited by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations. As a full-service facility with an active medical staff of more than 20 physicians, Kentucky River Medical Center features 24-hour emergency care, same-day surgery and outpatient care, advanced pulmonary care, physical therapy and rehabilitation services, broad-based diagnostic services including on-site CT and MRI capabilities, cardiac services, pediatric care, senior wellness programs and an on-site clinical laboratory.

Maintaining Your Cholesterol for a Healthy Heart 2-21-08
Most people have heard about it, read about it, know someone who is at risk or even has it – it’s high cholesterol, which can lead to stroke, heart attack or heart disease. Some of the latest statistics show that heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States claiming nearly 500,000 lives a year.
Cholesterol is a waxy, fat-like substance made in the liver and found in certain foods such as dairy products, eggs and meat. The body requires only a small amount of cholesterol in order to function properly and produce hormones, vitamin D and acids that help to digest fat. When too much cholesterol is present in the body, health issues such as heart disease may develop.
High cholesterol is one of the many risk factors for heart disease, and learning how to manage it is essential to heart health. High cholesterol occurs when a person has too much low density lipoprotein (LDL) or “bad” cholesterol in the body. The LDL can form a plaque that may build up on the inside walls of the arteries, blocking the flow of blood. If an artery that supplies blood to the heart or brain is completely blocked, the result can be a stroke or heart attack. The optimal LDL level is less than 100mg. More than 160mg and above is considered very high. Cholesterol is not the only risk factor for heart disease; others include smoking, family history of heart disease, age and obesity.
High density lipoprotein (HDL), is a type of cholesterol that is actually good for heart health. This type of cholesterol helps the body get rid of bad cholesterol in the blood; therefore, the higher level of HDL cholesterol, the better. The optimal HDL range for women is 50 – 60mg and for men is 40 – 50mg. There are several ways to increase the levels of HDL in the body:
Increase aerobic exercise
Stop smoking
Lose weight
Reduce the intake of trans fatty acids
Add soluble fiber in your diet
Dietary changes and exercise are typically the first course of action in trying to increase HDL and reduce LDL cholesterol. If you’ve followed a low cholesterol, low saturated fat diet and increased your exercise, but still can’t reach your cholesterol goal, your physician may prescribe a cholesterol-lowering medication as part of your heart healthy regimen.
Kentucky River Medical Center is a 55-bed facility that is fully accredited by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations. As a full-service facility with an active medical staff of more than 20 physicians, Kentucky River Medical Center features 24-hour emergency care, same-day surgery and outpatient care, advanced pulmonary care, physical therapy and rehabilitation services, broad-based diagnostic services including on-site CT and MRI capabilities, cardiac services, pediatric care, senior wellness programs and an on-site clinical laboratory.

Cold vs. Flu 1-24-08
Colds and the flu most often occur around the same time of year and both have unpleasant symptoms, so it can be hard to differentiate between the two. However, it is important to distinguish the cause of your symptoms to determine the best course of treatment.
The most common symptoms of a cold are within the respiratory system and include a stuffy or runny nose, sneezing, cough or chest discomfort. Treatment for these symptoms is available through over the counter medication designed to target various symptoms of a cold.:
Antihistamines can help control symptoms such as a running nose, sneezing and watery eyes.
Decongestants relieve nasal and sinus congestion.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicines reduce pain, fever and inflammation.
Expectorants loosen mucus from the respiratory tract, alleviating chest congestion and discomfort.
The best way to treat a cold is to drink plenty of fluids to stay hydrated, use over the counter drugs and monitor for symptoms that last longer than five to seven days. If symptoms persist, they may have developed into an advanced respiratory illness in the form of an ear infection, sinus infection or bronchitis. In the event that a cold advances into a more serious condition, seek treatment from your doctor.
While a cold generally attacks the respiratory system, the flu can impact the entire body and influence multiple systems. Symptoms of the flu often include a fever between 100 F and 104 F, headache, body aches, fatigue, exhaustion and nausea. If it is mild, the flu can be treated with rest, fluids and over the counter medication targeting the symptoms. If the flu is more severe, a doctor may prescribe antiviral medication. Over the counter and prescription treatments can help treat the symptoms:
Anti-nausea medications help with stomach discomfort and vomiting.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicines reduce pain, fever and inflammation.
Prescription antiviral medicines shorten the duration of the flu, but usually help only if taken within the first day or two of developing symptoms.
As with a cold, if symptoms persist longer than three to five days, or become increasingly severe, see a physician about the possibility of the flu developing into a more severe illness. The flu can develop into bronchitis or pneumonia, particularly in patients who are older or have compromised immune systems, and may require more intense medical treatment or even hospitalization.
The best way to avoid contracting the flu is to get an annual flu shot. The virus changes every year, so see your doctor each flu season to get immunized to help minimize or avoid these symptoms altogether.
Unfortunately, there is no immunization against the cold, but washing your hands frequently, not touching your face with your hands, and avoiding contact with people who have a cold can be a strong defense.
Both the cold and flu can make you feel miserable and cause you to miss school or work. With some extra hand-washing and a flu shot, you can improve your chances of avoiding both this season.
Kentucky River Medical Center is a 55-bed facility that is fully accredited by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations. As a full-service facility with an active medical staff of more than 20 physicians, Kentucky River Medical Center features 24-hour emergency care, same-day surgery and outpatient care, advanced pulmonary care, physical therapy and rehabilitation services, broad-based diagnostic services including on-site CT and MRI capabilities, cardiac services, pediatric care, senior wellness programs and an on-site clinical laboratory.

Playing it Safe: Reducing the Risk of Sports-Related Injuries
As a new school year begins, many children are gearing up for an exciting season of team sports. However, with the number of adolescents treated for sports injuries growing each year, the importance of proper safety precautions should not be overlooked.
One of the most important steps in preventing injuries is to use the safety equipment designated for a particular sport, such as helmets, quality shoes, mouth guards and face masks. To be effective, this equipment must fit properly and be worn correctly.
Even with precautions, sports-related injuries are not always avoidable. There are two general types of injuries: acute and chronic. Acute injuries occur as a result of a specific instance such as a fall or a collision with another player. These injuries include sprains, lacerations, strains, fractures and bruises. Medical treatment of these injuries should begin immediately. Chronic injuries happen over time and typically occur as a result of repetitive training, such as running or overhand throwing. Stress fractures, tendonitis, or growth plate overload injuries are examples of chronic injuries. If left untreated, chronic injuries will likely worsen so prompt treatment is important.
When considering treatment of a sports-related injury, it is important to distinguish between soreness and pain. Experiencing temporary soreness after team practice is normal, but if the discomfort persists as a result of chronic pain, it must be addressed. If the pain continues for over a week and worsens, stop playing whatever sport has caused the injury and see a doctor.
Fortunately, rehabilitation programs are available to provide athletes with an opportunity to safely stay in shape and prepare for a healthy return to athletic activity. Rehab programs can be offered by a doctor or physical therapist and include special exercises or therapy that will help relieve pain and heal the injury.
To play sports safely from start to finish, remember these tips:
·See a doctor. Before beginning any sport, consult a physician for a complete physical exam.
·Drink plenty of water. Children are at a higher risk for dehydration than adults and can become dehydrated even in cool weather or while playing indoor sports.
·Wear safety gear. Use safety gear that is appropriate for the sport of choice and always wear a helmet when participating in contact sports.
·Treat injuries immediately. Young athletes should receive medical attention immediately following an injury. If he or she experiences sports-related pain that continues and intensifies for more than a week, consult a doctor.
·Let injuries heal. Although young athletes may be resistant to the idea of sitting on the sidelines, leaving an injury untreated can have dangerous long-term consequences that affect growth and bone density.
     By taking appropriate safety measures before beginning a sport and by properly treating sports-related injuries, young athletes can enjoy a fun and safe sports season. If you have further questions regarding safety precautions contact your physician.
Kentucky River Medical Center is a 55-bed facility that is fully accredited by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations. As a full-service facility with an active medical staff of more than 20 physicians, Kentucky River Medical Center features 24-hour emergency care, same-day surgery and outpatient care, advanced pulmonary care, physical therapy and rehabilitation services, broad-based diagnostic services including on-site CT and MRI capabilities, cardiac services, pediatric care, senior wellness programs and an on-site clinical laboratory.

Regular Prostate Cancer Check-Ups Increase Early Detection
Every three minutes a man in the United States is diagnosed with prostate cancer. Although the cause of prostate cancer is still unclear, regular testing can detect the disease, making it easier to treat.
The prostate gland creates a fluid that is part of the formation of semen. About the size of a walnut, the prostate gland is located in front of the rectum, and physicians are able to feel it during a rectal examination. Prostate cancer has no symptoms in the early stages. When symptoms arise they can include:
·Dull pain in the lower pelvic area;
·Problems with urination, weakened urine flow, blood in the urine or semen;
·Painful ejaculation;
·Pain in the bones, lower torso and upper thighs; and
·Loss of appetite and weight.
After age 50, the likelihood of a man being diagnosed with prostate cancer greatly increases. In fact, more than 70 percent of the prostate cancer cases are diagnosed in men over age 65.
Family history may also play a role in the risk of prostate cancer. A man’s chance of being diagnosed doubles if his father or brother had the disease. If several family members have been diagnosed, the risk is even greater.
Race is another factor linked to prostate cancer diagnoses. Though it is not known why, African Americans are diagnosed 70 percent more often than white Americans, and diagnosis of African Americans usually occurs when the cancer is in a more advanced stage.
Typically, men should begin testing for prostate cancer at age 50. However, those who are at a higher risk should begin being tested as early as ages 40 to 45. Two tests are performed to check for prostate cancer, and men should have these tests done yearly. A prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test will show the levels of PSA in a man’s blood. PSA is made by the prostate gland. High PSA levels suggest that prostate cancer may be present. Sometimes though, men with normal PSA levels are diagnosed with the disease.
During the second test, a digital rectal examination (DRE), physicians are able to feel if the prostate is abnormal in some way, such as size or hardness.
Abnormalities in these tests do not automatically point to cancer. Often other benign conditions may be diagnosed, such as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). BPH is a disease that causes the urethra to narrow and the prostate to enlarge, resulting in difficulty urinating.
If a slow-growing tumor is found, sometimes a patient will have the option to forego surgery. However, a recent study found that when prostate cancer tumors are left untreated, they become deadlier after 15 years.
In addition to screening, men can take precautions to prevent prostate cancer. One potential risk that can be controlled is diet. It is recommended that men eat at least five servings daily of healthy foods, such as fruits and vegetables. Tomatoes of any kind (fresh, sauces, ketchup, etc.), pink grapefruit and watermelon are especially beneficial because they contain lycopenes, which are antioxidants, and have been linked to prostate cancer prevention.
Prostate cancer affects more than 230,000 men each year, but regular testing and healthy eating habits are important tools to fight the disease. If you have questions or concerns about prostate cancer, contact your physician.
Kentucky River Medical Center is a 55-bed facility that is fully accredited by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations. As a full-service facility with an active medical staff of more than 20 physicians, Kentucky River Medical Center features 24-hour emergency care, same-day surgery and outpatient care, advanced pulmonary care, physical therapy and rehabilitation services, broad-based diagnostic services including on-site CT and MRI capabilities, cardiac services, pediatric care, senior wellness programs and an on-site clinical laboratory.

Lung Cancer Today
When Dana Reeve died of lung cancer in March, the disease, its effects on women and lung health as a whole were brought into the spotlight. Because smoking is the number one cause of lung cancer, other causes are often overlooked. However, understanding the other causes is important, particularly as an awareness grows about this number one cancer killer in America.
As many people learned when Reeve died, non-smoking women are twice as likely as non-smoking men to get lung cancer. Researchers are unsure why this is the case, despite more studies being conducted on the topic. All that has been determined is that cancer is molecularly different in women and men, and the groups respond to different treatments.
While much is still being researched regarding women and lung cancer, the role of the environment is more understood, particularly when it comes to radon. In fact, after smoking, radon, a tasteless, colorless and odorless gas, is the second leading cause of lung cancer. Radon, which causes 15,000-22,000 lung cancer deaths each year, can enter homes through cracks in the foundation, basement floors, walls and other openings. It can also contaminate private water wells. Every state has radon, though in some states, it is much more prevalent. People who are concerned about radon can have a trained contractor test homes, or purchase at-home tests that can be conducted on their own.
Researchers also suspect a genetic component plays a role in lung cancer’s development. More research needs to be done to better understand genetics as it relates to lung cancer. In February 2006 it was announced in the New England Journal of Medicine that African Americans are the most likely group of individuals to develop lung cancer.
Other factors that can lead to lung cancer include pollution, radiation exposure and asbestos exposure. It was recently revealed that on days with high levels of air pollution, more seniors end up in the hospital due to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. This is because tiny air pollution particles can travel into the lungs and cause difficulty breathing. While people cannot completely protect themselves from these small particles, which can easily travel indoors, staying indoors in the afternoon when pollution is the highest is advised.
Despite a variety of known risk factors, particularly smoking, a single test is not available as part of a routine check-up regarding lung disease. Moreover, symptoms often do not show up in someone who has lung cancer until it has begun to spread to other parts of the body. In fact, only about 15 percent of lung cancers are discovered before the disease spreads to other parts of the body.
Some symptoms of lung cancer include: a cough that doesn’t go away, chest pain often made worse by deep breathing, shortness of breath, new onset of wheezing, hoarseness, recurring infections, such as bronchitis and pneumonia, weight loss and loss of appetite, bloody or rust-colored phlegm and/or unexplained fever.
If you have questions about lung health, or if you experience any of these symptoms, you should see your physician.
Kentucky River Medical Center is a 55-bed facility that is fully accredited by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations. As a full-service facility with an active medical staff of more than 20 physicians, Kentucky River Medical Center features 24-hour emergency care, same-day surgery and outpatient care, advanced pulmonary care, physical therapy and rehabilitation services, broad-based diagnostic services including on-site CT and MRI capabilities, cardiac services, pediatric care, senior wellness programs and an on-site clinical laboratory.

Eating Disorders on the Rise for Men and Women 3-13-06
According the American Dietetic Association and Food and Nutrition Conference in St. Louis, more and more men are feeling pressure to be thin and look good. More than one million men in the United States are fighting the uphill battle to shape a more “perfect” body for themselves. From a young age, boys are surrounded with media messages and perfect images of action heros they would like to mirror.
In addition, more than 10 million women in the United States are struggling daily with an eating disorder. The drive for thinness has become an obsession most people aren’t able to overcome. The three most common eating disorders are Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa and Binge Eating Disorder.
Anorexia Nervosa is characterized by self-starvation and excessive weight loss. Possible symptoms could include: intense fear of weight gain or becoming “fat,” overwhelming feelings of being “fat” despite weight loss, absent menstrual periods or obsessive concern with body image. Bulimia Nervosa is characterized by a secretive cycle of binge eating followed by purging. A person who is bulimic eats unusually large portions of food in a short period of time, and then forces vomiting to rid their body of the food and calories. Other forms of purging include using laxatives or over-exercising. Symptoms of bulimia could include repeated episodes of over-eating then purging, feeling out of control and the need to continue eating even though your body tells you otherwise, frequent dieting, extreme concern with body shape and weight or self-induced vomiting, using laxatives, diet pills, excessive exercising or fasting.
Binge Eating Disorder is also known as compulsive overeating and is characterized by periods of uncontrolled, impulsive or continuous eating beyond the point of comfortable fullness. Though purging is not associated with binge eating, sporadic fasts or repetitive diets and the feelings of shame or self-hatred often occur. People who struggle with binge eating frequently have trouble with depression, anxiety and loneliness, which can contribute to their unhealthy episodes of eating. Body weight usually varies from normal to severe obesity.
It is important to remember that every body is different and all have different genetics that influence bone structure, body size, shape and weight. The “ideal” body weight is one that allows a person to feel strong and energetic. When searching for the ideal body weight, do not rely on charts, graphs or formulas to dictate what is right for your body. Instead, eat well-balanced meals with plenty of nutritious foods and exercise moderately.
Most importantly, never compare your body size with friends or people in advertisements or on TV. Remember that every person is created differently, and we all have unique qualities.
If you or someone you know has questions regarding eating disorders or would like more information, please contact your physician.
Kentucky River Medical Center is a 55-bed facility that is fully accredited by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations. As a full-service facility with an active medical staff of more than 20 physicians, Kentucky River Medical Center features 24-hour emergency care, same-day surgery and outpatient care, advanced pulmonary care, physical therapy and rehabilitation services, broad-based diagnostic services including on-site CT and MRI capabilities, cardiac services, pediatric care, senior wellness programs and an on-site clinical laboratory.

What to do about Ear Infections 2-20-06

Middle ear infections, also known as otitis media, are one of the most common illnesses affecting infants and young children. Three out of four American children have had at least one ear infection by the age of three. Ear infections typically begin with a cold, which can cause fluid to build up behind the eardrum. Unfortunately, the eardrum is an ideal breeding ground for bacteria and viruses that can cause infection.
Some ear infections require the use of antibiotics, but frequently the infection may clear without using medications. An ear infection can be difficult to diagnose at times as some of the signs, such as fever and sleeplessness, can be the result of other medical conditions. Signs may include:
·the child being lethargic;
·his or her cry is different from the crying associated with hunger or tiredness;
·the child rubbing or pulling at his or her ears;
·the child not responding to sounds;
·the child having a loss of appetite; and/or
·dizziness or loss of balance.
All children are susceptible to ear infections, but some children are more likely to contract them than others. Children who are most at risk include children attending child-care facilities; children whose siblings have a history of recurrent ear infections; children with a family history of asthma or allergies and children who are exposed to secondhand smoke.
Physicians can treat earaches and ear infections a number of different ways. The treatment methods depend on many factors, including the diagnosis, additional medical concerns, how often the child has ear infections, the child’s age and whether the infection affects the child’s hearing. Options for treatment of an earache and ear infection could include:
Wait-and-see approach. It’s tough for parents to see their children in pain, but it may be in the child’s best interest to focus on pain relief, such as children’s Tylenol or Advil.
Antibiotic therapy. If a physician is concerned that the child’s ear is infected, they might recommend antibiotic treatment. By using antibiotics, the child should start to feel better within a couple of days. It is important to give the child the entire prescription, which could be five to 10 days, even if they are feeling better.
Preventive antibiotics. If a child has more than four ear infections in one year or three or more infections in six months, the physician might suggest a low-dose antibiotic for a few weeks or months as a preventive measure. Antibiotics alone will not clear fluid from the ear, but they might help prevent bacteria from growing.
Drainage Tubes. If the fluid in the ear is affecting the child’s ability to hear, or if the infections don’t respond to the antibiotics, the physician may suggest the insertion of small drainage tubes through the child’s eardrum. Ultimately, this helps drain the fluid and balance the pressure within the ear. As the child’s eardrum grows, the tube is eventually pushed out and the drainage hole seals.
Some ear infections require the use of antibiotics, but many ear infections may clear without using medication. Together, you and your physician can decide on the best approach for your child. If you have questions or concerns regarding ear infections please contact your physician.
Kentucky River Medical Center is a 55-bed facility that is fully accredited by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations. As a full-service facility with an active medical staff of more than 20 physicians, Kentucky River Medical Center features 24-hour emergency care, same-day surgery and outpatient care, advanced pulmonary care, physical therapy and rehabilitation services, broad-based diagnostic services including on-site CT and MRI capabilities, cardiac services, pediatric care, senior wellness programs and an on-site clinical laboratory.

Heart to Heart Ways to Reduce your Risk of Heart Disease 2-13-06

With heart disease as the number one killer in America, it is important to know what to do to minimize risks of being attacked by this deadly disease. According to the American Heart Association, heart disease includes two categories of risk factors: those that can improve a person’s chances and those that can’t.
Statistics show four out of five people who die of coronary heart disease are 65 years of age or older. Heredity also plays a major role in heart disease, and chances of developing heart disease increase if your parents were victims of the disease. According to the American Heart Association, 80 percent of people with diabetes die from heart or blood vessel disease. Although diabetes is frequently genetic, those with diabetes can control other risk factors and closely monitor their blood sugar levels in order to lead a much-less risky lifestyle
There are several factors that people can influence or control. Those include: tobacco or cigarette smoking, high blood cholesterol, high blood pressure, physical inactivity, obesity and stress. By monitoring these factors, people may reduce their chances of having heart disease. For example, people who smoke have twice the chance of developing heart disease than those who do not.
In recent years, fats in foods have become an interesting topic. Fat contributes to high cholesterol, which increases the chance of heart disease. However, a person’s cholesterol level is also affected by sex, age and heredity. When coupled with high blood pressure or smoking, the risk of heart disease increases even more.
High blood pressure and constant stress weakens and overstresses the heart. Not only does high blood pressure increase the risk of heart attack, it also contributes to stroke, kidney failure and congestive heart failure.
One way to decrease the risk of certain diseases is through regular moderate-to-vigorous exercise. Studies show people who exert no physical activity increase their risk of heart disease, but those who exercise even moderately have significantly reduced risks. Although the exact amount of exercise needed is debated, most healthcare professionals are comfortable recommending their patients get some form of aerobic activity, like walking, for at least 30 minutes a day, three times a week. If you have any questions regarding heart disease or other methods of reducing your risks, contact your physician.
Kentucky River Medical Center is a 55-bed facility that is fully accredited by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations. As a full-service facility with an active medical staff of more than 20 physicians, Kentucky River Medical Center features 24-hour emergency care, same-day surgery and outpatient care, advanced pulmonary care, physical therapy and rehabilitation services, broad-based diagnostic services including on-site CT and MRI capabilities, cardiac services, pediatric care, senior wellness programs and an on-site clinical laboratory.

Maintaining a Healthy Lifestyle with Diabetes 12-6-05
Most people know someone who has diabetes, whether it is a friend, family member or colleague. Though the disease is discussed often on television or in conversation, many people do not understand what diabetes is and how it affects the body.
Diabetes affects more than 18 million people in the United States. It occurs when the pancreas fails to produce enough insulin or when the body cannot use insulin effectively. Insulin is a hormone that helps regulate the amount of sugar in the body. Without it, blood sugar stays too high, and high sugar levels can disturb critical body functions.
Diabetes has two main types: Type I and Type II. Common warning signs for both types include:
• Increased urination, thirst or fatigue;
• Wounds or sores that heal slowly;
• Tingling in your feet;
• Weight loss accompanied with increased appetite; and
• Blurred vision.
If left untreated, diabetes can lead to serious medical problems, including stroke, heart disease, eye and kidney infections and problems involving blood vessels, nerves and feet.
While no one is immune to the possibility of developing diabetes, those who are seriously overweight, not physically active or who have a family history of diabetes are considered “at risk” and should take steps to protect themselves from the disease.
The number one way to prevent diabetes is to maintain a healthy diet. For those at risk high-fiber foods, such as whole-grain and bran products, beans, fruits and vegetables, can help lower blood-sugar and blood-fat levels in the body.
Those at risk for diabetes also should control their sodium intake. In addition to limiting regular table salt, close attention should be paid to sodium content on food labels. Sodium levels
can be extremely high in foods such as frozen dinners, cheese and many packaged products.
Exercise is another key to diabetes prevention and treatment. Exercising regularly not only burns calories and fat, but also helps control blood sugar levels in the body, increase blood flow, reduce stress levels and boost energy.
In order to maintain an exercise program, people should choose an activity that is enjoyable, yet challenging. Some suggestions for increased exercise are:
• Go for a walk with a friend or neighbor;
• Take the stairs when available;
• Clean around the house;
• Park further away and walk a few more steps; or
• Take dance classes.
It is highly advised to get your physicians approval before beginning an exercise program. For diabetics, it is best to track your blood sugar levels both before and after exercising. It is also important to drink plenty of water, and include warm-ups and cool-downs in your routine.
Eating right and exercising are not the only ways to stay healthy if you have diabetes.   Talking with your physician will make coping with diabetes easier. If you have any questions or concerns regarding diabetes talk with your physician.
Kentucky River Medical Center is a 55-bed facility that is fully accredited by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations. As a full-service facility with an active medical staff of more than 20 physicians, Kentucky River Medical Center features 24-hour emergency care, same-day surgery and outpatient care, advanced pulmonary care, physical therapy and rehabilitation services, broad-based diagnostic services including on-site CT and MRI capabilities, cardiac services, pediatric care, senior wellness programs and an on-site clinical laboratory.

Alzheimer’s Disease 11-28-05
Alzheimer’s disease is a form of dementia, a brain disorder that seriously affects a person’s ability to carry out daily activities. The disease involves parts of the brain that control thought, memory and language.
The term “dementia” refers to a group of symptoms caused by changes in the brain. Common indicators of dementia include asking the same questions repeatedly; becoming lost in familiar places; being unable to follow directions; being disoriented about the time of day; and neglecting personal safety, hygiene and nutrition.
Scientists do not fully understand what causes Alzheimer’s disease, but recognize several risk factors. Age is the most important known factor for the disease.
Family history and genetics are also risk factors. Researches believe that genetics may play a significant role in Alzheimer’s disease. Everyone has a protein called apolipoprotein E (apoE), which helps carry cholesterol in the blood. The apoE gene takes on many forms, but physicians have narrowed it down to two: one form protects a person from Alzheimer’s and another form makes a person more likely to develop the disease.
In addition to age, family history and genetics, researchers are looking into whether education, diet, environment and viruses play a role in the development of the disease.
The only way physicians can diagnose Alzheimer’s is to find out whether there are plaques and tangles in the brain tissue. To look at actual brain tissue, doctors must perform an autopsy, which is an examination after a person dies. Up until this point, doctors can only make a diagnosis of “possible” or “probable” Alzheimer’s disease.
Today, physicians can correctly diagnose Alzheimer’s 90 percent of the time.
Several tools that can be used to diagnose “probable” Alzheimer’s:
• A complete medical history includes information on a person’s general health, medications and current aliments, as well as past medical problems including surgeries or difficulty carrying out daily activities.
• Medical tests can determine possible diseases causing symptoms of Alzheimer’s. Having regular tests run, such as blood, urine or spinal fluid could help physician’s find other diseases causing the symptoms.
• Neuropsychological tests measure memory, problem solving skills, attention, counting and language functions.
• Brain scans allow physicians to look at pictures of the brain to see if there are abnormalities.

All past and present medical history and test results help physicians rule out other possible causes of the person’s symptoms. For example, drug reactions, depression, brain tumors, thyroid problems and blood vessel disease can cause Alzheimer’s symptoms.
An early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease helps patients and their families plan for the future. It gives them an opportunity to discuss care options while the patient can still participate in the decision-making process. Also, early diagnosis offers the physician and patient the best chance to treat the symptoms of the disease.
If you have questions regarding Alzheimer’s talk with your physician.
Kentucky River Medical Center is a 55-bed facility that is fully accredited by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations. As a full-service facility with an active medical staff of more than 20 physicians, Kentucky River Medical Center features 24-hour emergency care, same-day surgery and outpatient care, advanced pulmonary care, physical therapy and rehabilitation services, broad-based diagnostic services including on-site CT and MRI capabilities, cardiac services, pediatric care, senior wellness programs and an on-site clinical laboratory.

Halloween Safety 10-27-05
With little superheroes, goblins and ghosts preparing for Halloween, parents should be mindful of several safety precautions to ensure a treat-filled holiday.
Selecting or making a safe Halloween costume is an important part of the holiday’s preparation. On Halloween, accidental falls from tripping on costume hems, steps, curbs or unseen objects is the number one cause of injuries on the holiday. Costumes should be short enough that a child won’t trip and fall and shouldn’t interfere with a child’s ability to walk normally. Children should also wear well-fitting, sturdy shoes.
Parents should carefully inspect their child’s costume to make sure it is flame resistant. A flame resistant label does not mean that a fabric will not burn at all, but it does indicate that a costume should resist burning and extinguish quickly. Costumes made with flimsy fabrics, or that have billowing skirts or baggy sleeves should be avoided, as they are more likely to come into contact with open flames.
Hats and scarves should be tied carefully to prevent them from slipping over children's eyes and obscuring vision. In addition, parents should take care to make sure that all masks fit securely and have eyeholes large enough to enable full vision.
Makeup and face paints should also be treated with care. To minimize the risk of rashes and other allergic reactions, inspect and test all creams and face paints before applying. Paint or cream can be tested by applying it to a small patch on the child’s arm or leg a day or two before the big event.
On Halloween, children should be carefully escorted and watched to avoid being hit by a car. Each year, four times as many children are killed in pedestrian/automobile accidents on Halloween than on any other night during the year. Several factors can cause a child to be put in a car’s path including his or her:
• Short stature;
• Inability to react quickly;
• Lack of impulse control;
• Distraction because of other children and costumes; and
• Urge to get candy.
A child’s Halloween route should stay clear of dangerous roads without a safe place to walk. When crossing the street, children should be instructed to look both ways to check for cars, trucks and bikes. In addition, purchase or make costumes that are bright and clearly visible to motorists. For better visibility during the evening, decorate costumes, accessories and goody bags with reflective tape. Children should also carry flashlights so they can see easily and be seen by motorists.
After a night of trick or treating, parents should inspect all treats for tampering. Treats like fruit and candy can often come from strangers with harmful intentions, even in one’s neighborhood. Candy should not be eaten if the package has been opened. Small, hard candy is a choking hazard for young children.
By taking some careful steps, parents can help to ensure that Halloween will not only be fun and exciting, but that it will also be safe and injury free.
Kentucky River Medical Center is a 55-bed facility that is fully accredited by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations. As a full-service facility with an active medical staff of more than 20 physicians, Kentucky River Medical Center features 24-hour emergency care, same-day surgery and outpatient care, advanced pulmonary care, physical therapy and rehabilitation services, broad-based diagnostic services including on-site CT and MRI capabilities, cardiac services, pediatric care, senior wellness programs and an on-site clinical laboratory.

Detecting Ovarian Cancer 10-4-05
Ovarian cancer is the fifth most common type of cancer in women. More than 25,000 women are diagnosed in America each year, and about 16,000 will die of the disease in 2005.
The fatality rate in ovarian cancer cases is high because the symptoms of the disease mirror those of other relatively minor conditions such as digestive disorders, and often ovarian cancer isn’t detected until it has spread into tissues and organs beyond the ovaries. Therefore, early detection is important in fighting the disease to prolong women’s lives.
Ovaries play an important role in the reproductive system of women. The two almond-sized ovaries, located on each side of the uterus, are responsible for producing eggs as well as the female sex hormones estrogen and progesterone. Ovarian cancer develops when cancerous cells grow and produce tumors in one or both ovaries. However, the cause of the cancerous growth is unknown.
Several risk factors have been identified in connection with ovarian cancer. The most significant risk factor is having an inherited genetic mutation in one of two genes called breast cancer gene 1 (BRCA 1) and breast cancer gene 2 (BRCA 2). These mutated genes were originally identified in families with multiple breast cancer cases. However, studies have shown they are also responsible for about five to 10 percent of ovarian cancer cases.
Family history is another risk. If an individual have any immediate relatives (mother, daughter or sister) with ovarian cancer, the risk of developing the disease is five percent during the course of the woman’s lifetime. Contacting a physician is strongly recommended if you have a family history of the disease.
Age is also a risk factor, as the disease is more common in post-menopausal women. The risk of ovarian cancer also increases with age through a woman’s late 70’s.
Infertility has also been linked to ovarian cancer. Studies have shown that women who have had problems conceiving may be at an increased risk. Other minor risk factors do exist and you should consult with a physician to learn more about them.
Most symptoms of ovarian cancer are similar to less serious conditions. However, recent studies indicate that a few symptoms are more likely to appear in women with ovarian cancer than other conditions. These symptoms include:
Abdominal pressure, fullness, swelling or bloating;
Consistent urge to urinate and
Pelvic discomfort or pain.
Additional common symptoms that are not exclusive to ovarian cancer cases, include:
Consistent nausea or indigestion;
Unexplained changes in bowel habits;
Loss of appetite;
Unexplained weight loss or gain;
A continual lack of energy;
Lower back pain and
Pain during intercourse.
If you have experienced several of the risk factors and symptoms listed, or want to learn more about the disease, talk with your primary care physician or gynecologist.

Walking – An Easy Way to Get and Stay Fit 8-26-05
Achieving and maintaining physical fitness can be a walk in the park – literally.
While many activities, such as running, biking or swimming, can help people get and stay fit, nearly everyone can benefit from walking. This low-impact exercise helps:
• Reduce the risk of heart attack;
• Reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, or manage the disease in people who have it;
• Reduce the risk of developing high blood pressure, or lower high blood pressure;
• Manage weight and stress;
• Reduce feelings of depression and anxiety; and
• Maintain mobility and independence, especially as people age.
Of course, you’ll want to wear comfortable walking shoes and appropriate clothing for the weather, but, in general, walking does not require a lot of equipment. It can be done almost anywhere, including the mall, or on a business trip or vacation. No expensive gym or health club is required. And it’s no longer considered necessary to “feel the burn.” With proper posture and form, walking, a gentle form of exercise, is perfect for achieving and maintaining improved fitness while providing gain, without pain.
Walking offers many benefits to the heart. It reduces heart attack risk by lowering the bad, or LDL, cholesterol and raising the good, or HDL, cholesterol. Walking also reduces the risk of developing high blood pressure, a contributing factor to heart disease.
Furthermore, walking helps people with type 2 diabetes improve their body’s ability to process sugar, lower blood sugar and reduce the risk of heart disease. Older walkers benefit by staying strong and active, less prone to falls and more mobile.
Many walkers keep track of their progress by using a pedometer to count their
steps or by logging their walks in a journal or on a spreadsheet. Monitoring progress
elps walkers stay motivated to stick with their program and helps them celebrate their many successes along the way to health and fitness.
When walking, it does not matter if you swing your shoulders or walk straight from the hips, as long as it is comfortable and at the right intensity. However, it is best to have the elbows at a 90 degree angle with fingers curled in a loose fist.
The surgeon general recommends people get moderate amounts of activity, like walking, for at least 30 minutes a day. The AARP encourages people who are looking to lose weight to walk an hour a day. This amount can be spread throughout the day. For instance, walks can be taken before or after meals or instead of watching television. Walking can also be done at work – for instance, by taking the stairs instead of the elevator or walking down to a co-worker’s office.
Walking is important component to living a healthy life. For more information about how walking can impact your life, talk with your physician.
Kentucky River Medical Center is a 55-bed facility that is fully accredited by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations. As a full-service facility with an active medical staff of more than 20 physicians, Kentucky River Medical Center features 24-hour emergency care, same-day surgery and outpatient care, advanced pulmonary care, physical therapy and rehabilitation services, broad-based diagnostic services including on-site CT and MRI capabilities, cardiac services, pediatric care, senior wellness programs and an on-site clinical laboratory.

Talk with Your Physician about Irregular Heartbeat 8-18-05
A normal heart beats 100,000 times a day – and most people never even notice. But for the many people who experience an irregular hea